Table 3.  European wheat mildew virulence frequencies (%), 1998
RESISTANCE GENES			BL	CH	CZ	DE*	F	HU	NO^	PL	SK west	UK	YU
Pm1			87	64		40-90	88	57	3.0	72	95		83
Pm2			23	87	58	80-100	73	71	2.1	52	100	100	63
Pm3a			38	10			2	78	1.7	65	100		81
Pm3b			52	10			10	99	1.5	23	100	1	40
Pm3c			48	65		40-70	73	83	1.4	73	95		78
Pm3d				19		5-20	0			44	100
Pm3f							96	98			100
Pm4a				71			98	0	3.0		0		31
Pm4b				68	33	80-100	96	78	2.1	60	100	100	30
pm5			65	72	85		90	82	3.1	68	100	88	52
Pm6			97	91		80-100	90	75	3.0			100	85
Pm7			100	93			98	86		100	100		89
Pm8			100	58		80-100	56	96	1.0	52	100	97	88
Pm17				14			0	91			75	8	63
Pm2,6			15	83	47		73	74		60	0		29
Pm1,2,9				43	25		60	20			0		37
Pm2,4b,8				40			29			40
Number of isolates tested			147	168	320	Unknown	46	210	(bulk)	349	20	187	191
BL Bulgaria, CH Switzerland, CZ Czech Republic, DE Germany, F France, HU Hungary, NO Norway, PL Poland,
SK Slovakia, UK United Kingdom, YU Yugoslavia.
*  Southern Germany:-  range of virulence frequencies detected.
^  Norway:-  results based on mean % disease severity